Ipamorelin Doctor

The literature

Ipamorelin references, in full

Every source behind every number on this site — authors, journal, year, DOI, and a PubMed or DOI link.

About this Ipamorelin reference list

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to one of the numbered ipamorelin references below. The list runs from the 1998 founding characterization through the human pharmacokinetic and Phase 2 trial data to the most recent 2024 in-vivo study and the 2026 narrative reviews. Where a citation describes a related compound rather than ipamorelin itself — for example the GSK894281 cardiotoxicity study or the unacylated-ghrelin muscle study — that is stated in the text where the reference is used. Each entry carries a DOI or a direct PubMed link for verification.

  1. Raun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, Thogersen H, Madsen K, Ankersen M, Andersen PH. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. Eur J Endocrinol. 1998;139(5):552-561. ↗
  2. Gobburu JV, Agerso H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharm Res. 1999;16(9):1412-1416. ↗
  3. Beck DE, Sweeney WB, McCarter MD; Ipamorelin 201 Study Group. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patients. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1527-1534. ↗
  4. Johansen PB, Nowak J, Skjaerbaek C, Flyvbjerg A, Andreassen TT, Wilken M, Orskov H. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(2):106-113. ↗
  5. Lu Z, Ngan MP, Liu JYH, Yang L, Tu L, Chan SW, Giuliano C, Lovati E, Pietra C, Rudd JA. The growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a agonists, anamorelin and ipamorelin, inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss in ferrets: Anamorelin also exhibits anti-emetic effects via a central mechanism. Physiol Behav. 2024;284:114644. ↗
  6. Stokes AH, Falls JG, Yoon L, Cariello N, Faiola B, Colton HM, Jordan HL, Berridge BR. Integrated approach to early detection of cardiovascular toxicity induced by a ghrelin receptor agonist. Int J Toxicol. 2015;34(2):151-161. ↗
  7. Mosa A, et al. Unacylated ghrelin protects against age-related loss of muscle mass and contractile dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Aging Cell. 2024;23(9):e14323. ↗
  8. Malmlof K, Johansen PB, Haahr PM, Wilken M, Oxlund H. Methylprednisolone does not inhibit the release of growth hormone after intravenous injection of a novel growth hormone secretagogue in rats. Growth Horm IGF Res. 1999;9(6):396-403. ↗
  9. Ankersen M, Johansen NL, Madsen K, Hansen BS, Raun K, Nielsen KK, Thogersen H, Hansen TK, Peschke B, Lau J, Lundt BF, Andersen PH. A new series of highly potent growth hormone-releasing peptides derived from ipamorelin. J Med Chem. 1998;41(19):3699-3704. ↗
  10. Sondergaard LG, et al. The use of pigs as an animal model to evaluate the efficacy, potency and specificity of growth hormone secretagogues. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2001;11(5):278-285. ↗
  11. Adeghate E, Ponery AS. Mechanism of ipamorelin-evoked insulin release from the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2004;25(6):403-406. ↗
  12. Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL. Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by GH secretagogues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001;280(1):132-138. ↗
  13. Lawrence CB, Snape AC, Baudoin FM, Luckman SM. Acute central ghrelin and GH secretagogues induce feeding and activate brain appetite centers. Endocrinology. 2002;143(1):155-162. ↗
  14. Mayfield CK, et al. Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians. Am J Sports Med. 2026. ↗
  15. Mendias CL, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026. ↗
  16. Renke G, et al. Therapeutic Peptides in Aesthetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions: Effects, Safety, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2026. ↗
  17. Villegas Meza AD, et al. Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications. JBJS Rev. 2026. ↗